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| location map = Poland | map size = 250 | map caption= Location of former Sosnowiec Ghetto, Poland |latd = 50 | latm = 18 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 19 | longm = 10 | longs = | longEW = E | coordinates type = region:PL-MA_type:landmark | coordinates display = inline,title | other names = | known for = The Holocaust in Poland | location = | built by = | operated by = | commanded by = | original use = | construction = | in operation = }} The Sosnowiec Ghetto ((ドイツ語:Sosnowitz)) was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi German authorities for Polish Jews in the Province of Upper Silesia in occupied Poland. During the Holocaust, most inmates, estimated at over 35,000 Jewish men, women and children were deported in railway cattle trucks to Auschwitz death camp in ''Aktionen'' lasting from June until August 1943. The Ghetto was liquidated following an unsuccessful uprising, a final act of defiance of its Underground Jewish Combat Organization ((ポーランド語:Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa), ŻOB) made up of youth. Most of the Jewish fighters perished. ==History== Before the war, there were about 30,000 Jews in Sosnowiec, making up about 20% of the town's population.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.28 )〕 Over the next few years Germans would resettle Jews from smaller local communities to Sosnowiec, temporarily increasing the Jewish community size to 45,000.〔 By late 1942, Będzin and nearby Sosnowiec, which bordered Będzin, became the only two towns in the Zagłębie Dąbrowskie region that were still inhabited by Jews.〔 Aleksandra Namysło, ''(Rozmowa z dr Aleksandrą Namysło, historykiem z Oddziału Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Katowicach )'', Dziennik Zachodni, 28.07.2006〕 The city, located on the pre-war Polish-German border, was taken over by the Germans within the first days of the invasion of Poland.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.14 )〕 Local Jews were rounded up and terrorized immediately; shootings and first mass executions followed soon afterward, and forced relocations, slowly creating a ghetto.〔〔〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.16 )〕 On September 9, the Great Synagogue in Sosnowiec was burned.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.15 )〕 Judenrat and Jewish police were soon established on German orders; the head of the Sosnowiec Judenrat was (Mojżesz Merin).〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.20 )〕 In the first months of 1940 the ''Zentrale der Judischen Altestenrate in Oberschlesien'' (Central Office of the Jewish Councils of Elders in Upper Silesia), headed by Merin, was created in Sosnowiec, representing about 45 communities. For a time, Merin became infamous as the dictator of the Jews of the Zaglebie region, with the power of life and death over local Jews.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.22 )〕 A local labor camp was established, along with various workshops, overseen by Germans (see Forced labor in Germany during World War II).〔〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.30 )〕 Ever since the ghetto was established, there had been a steady trickle of Jews sent to labor and extermination camps.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.32 )〕 Large transfers of Jews took part in May (1,500) and June 1942 (2,000).〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.38 )〕 Around October 1942 - January 1943 the ghetto was moved to the district.〔〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.46 )〕 Środula also bordered the site of the Będzin Ghetto. At this point about 13,000 Jews still lived in Sosnowiec. The creation of the Sosnowiec ghetto ended on March 10, 1943, when it was finally closed off from the outside world. Thousands of Jews were deported from Sosnowiec ghetto to Auschwitz in June 1943. The Ghetto was liquidated two months later, in August, and almost all remaining Jews were also deported to Auschwitz.〔Charmatz, (Google Print, p.53 )〕 A few hundred Jews remained in the Środula ghetto, which was liquidated in January 1944.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sosnowiec Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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